Yet Another Linux Basics tutorial...
* RedHat does it in four 8 hour days, the compressed version is one 8 hour day
* Novell does it in 5 hours
* This is the attempt to teach you THE BASICS in 2.5 hours without corporate bias
This is a BETA.
If this is too slow or fast let me know!
A Fully-Functional Multi-User Multi-Process Unixlike Open Source Operating System comprised of Linus Torvalds' kernel, many GNU tools, and software from many many more contributers worldwide
http://www.linux.org
http://www.kernel.org
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~brians/comp/demon_penguin.html
http://web.mit.edu/jonas/www/faim/whatislinux.pdf
distrowatch.com Boasts that there are 304 Linux distros in their database
Burning ISOs – Linux in 2 steps
1) cdrecord -scanbus
2) cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,0,0 -data cdimage.iso
1) Mount /mnt/cdrom
2) mkisofs -r -o cdimage.iso /mnt/cdrom
3) cdrecord -v speed=2 dev=0,0,0 -data cdimage.iso
More than you ever wanted to know about Linux cd
writing can be found at the howto...
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO
LUGs are another great way to get started with Linux.
http://www.wplug.org
Installfests, General Users Meetings, Tutorials such as this, Mailing Lists, and more!
File Commands: ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir
text reading: cat, more, less
text tools: awk, grep, sed
text editors: vi, emacs, pico, gedit
time: date, cal, uptime
Location: find, locate, which, whereis
file extraction: tar, unzip, gunzip
Processes: top, ps, lsof, kill, fg, bg
User tools: passwd, w, who, finger, talk
environment: printenv, setenv, echo
Internet: lynx, pine, whois
Service control: chkconfig, init.d, service
Printing: lpr, lpq
Networking: ifconfig, route, traceroute, dig, ping
disk usage: du, df, quota
partitions: fdisk, fsck, mkfs, tune2fs, mount
uname -a
hostname
cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/pci
lsmod
1 single user
2 multiuser
3 networking
4 reserved
5 X (aka the GUI)
6.reboot
Shutting down and Rebooting
/etc/shutdown -h now
/etc/poweroff
/sbin/reboot
Output redirection
echo “this” > foo
echo “that” >> foo
cat foo
this
that
The pipe |
cat /etc/passwd | grep
The semicolon ;
mkfs /dev/hdb1 ; mkfs /dev/hdb2
The slashdot ./
./myscript
A series of commands in an executable text file
----------------------------------------------------
echo “Hello World”
echo “Print this to File” >> foo
lpr -Pmyprinter foo
--------------------------------------------------
It all starts with /
/bin
/boot
/dev
/etc
/home
/lib
/mnt
/proc
/root
/sbin
/tmp
/usr
/var
Partitions
/boot
/usr
/opt
/home
/tmp
/
*anything in /dev
*anything in /proc
*don't get tempted by /proc/kcore
*anything in /boot
*/lib/kernel/modules/{the kernel you want to use}
*contents of /etc, /bin, /usr/bin, /usr/lib
*you may remove the contents of /tmp but not /tmp
lilo.conf example
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
message=/boot/message
password=huggybot
lba32
default=linux
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.36
label=linux
root=/dev/hda2
read-only
other=/dev/hda1
label=win
Debian Packages - dpkg
rpm -Uvh package.rpm
rpm -ivh package.rpm
rpm -aq | grep package
rpm -e package
Tar files
To extract a tar.gz file: tar -zxvf {filename}
To extract a .tar file: tar -xvf foo.tar
To create a .tar file: tar -cvf /foodir foo.tar
once you've extracted the tar file look for a readme.
Perhaps there's an executable installation file
Or a Makefile
Perhaps it's source you need to compile yourself
File permissions
To check the permissions use “ls -l”
utilize groups
chown {username} {filename}
chown :{groupname} {filename}
chmod to change permissions
chmod a+rwx {filename}
chmod u+r {filename}
chmod o-x {filename}
chmod 700 {filename}
Start with a minimal configuration!
Don't install all the whistles and bells.
Only install what you need now.
Educate yourself about the services
you are running!
No one should use telnet or ftp, use ssh/scp instead
Use chkconfig –list
check http://www.cert.org for vulnerabilities
turn off any services that are vulnerabilities until you
can update or patch!
